More then 200 research published in national and international conferences journals..

:: Success Story :: Pakistan started using renewable in sixties when 18 villages were electrified using photovoltaic, and solar stills were installed to desalinate the seawater at Gawadar, however the progress remained slow. The net installed capacity of different renewable energy systems are as under: 1. Installed 538 Microhydel Power Plants (5-50 KW capacity) with total capacity of 7.8 MW, 70,000 houses electrified, 2. Installed 155 small wind turbines (0.5 KW to 10 KW) with total capacity of 161KW in Sindh and Balochistan, electrifying 1560 houses and 9-coast guard check posts, 3. Installed 300 Solar PV systems with total capacity of 100 KW electrifying 500 houses, mosques, and schools, 265-street / garden lights, 4. Installed 4000 Biogas Plants (size 3&5M3/day: producing 18000 M3/day), 5. Developed 6-models of efficient smokeless cook stoves for cooking and space heating, 6. 100,000 mud stoves have been built in rural houses; saving 36500 tons of fuel wood per year, 7. Installed 21 solar dryers with total capacity of 5230 Kg/day fruit, PV is economical source of electric power for remote areas. The cost comparison shows that the initial investment in case of PV is higher. But, the integrated cost due to extremely low maintenance of PV, becomes lower after five years as compared to wind and ten years as compared to diesel. The extension of grid for small load in rural areas is also expensive as compared to PV. The extension of the gridline is not economical in the target areas that are more than 10 km away from the gridline. A total of about 650KW of PV has been installed in the country. More recently PCRET has electrified three villages of Balochistan using wind/ PV / diesel hybrid and solar home light systems. Another four villages are in the PCRET pipeline for electrification through PV. A number of parks have been illuminated through solar garden and streetlights. Photovoltaics are also being used to power the telecommunication systems. In the early 1980s, eighteen PV stations were set up by the government in different parts of the country for village electrification, with an installed capacity of nearly 440 kW. However, because of lack of technical know-how and follow up, these systems have not performed as required. Currently solar technology is being used in Pakistan for stand-alone rural telephone exchanges, highway emergency telephones, cathodic protection, refrigeration for vaccine and medicines in hospitals etc. The Public Health Department has installed about 20 solar water pumps for drinking purposes in different parts of Balochistan. Empower Consultants of New Zealand, a Wellington-based renewable energy NGO, is working to bring affordable electricity to poor villagers in the harsh deserts of Gawadar area in Balochistan province. The project commenced in February 2001 and by June 2002 the team had completed a feasibility study and detailed design and equipment purchasing is now underway. The 'project has a 6 kW solar PV array, with a 10 kW inverter, large capacity (90 kWh) battery bank, 100 Amp 120 VDC solar charge controller and 7 kW backup diesel generator. The system is expected to provide approximately 30 kWh per day more depending on diesel backup system usage. Two plants each consisting on 250 stills with capacity to clean water upto 6000 gallons per day, were installed in Gawadar in sixties. This was followed by other small plants of capacity 250 gallons per day each in rural areas to convert brackish water into potable water. A number of other solar thermal appliances such as solar cooker, solar water heater, and solar stills have been designed and introduced in the country. Solar drying is another application that is effectively being employed for drying fruits in the Northern mountain region. The biogas activity was initiated in the country in the early seventies when more than 4000 plants of capacity varying from 5-15 cubic meter per day were installed in the country. Recently 1200 biogas plants have been installed by PCRET throughout Pakistan on cost sharing basis, where 50% cost is to be borne by the beneficiary. Fuel wood is still the cheapest of all energy sources in the country and is the main source of energy in rural areas. PCRET, in 1995, launched the Fuel Saving Technology (FST) project to conserve energy at a domestic level. It reduces the family's consumption by 30-40% and eliminates smokes. The Council has so far installed/disseminated more than 60,000 energy conserving, improved stoves devices all over the country and has provided training in construction and use of such stoves to the workers of various NGOs and local population. Pakistan Council for Appropriate Technologies that is now Pakistan Council of Renewable Energy Technologies launched a project in 1976-77 for the design, development and the installation of micro hydro power plants. One of the features of MHP programme is the participation of local communities that are involved in every phase of the project i.e. from initiation to implementation and subsequent operation and maintenance. Uptill now over 300 micro hydro power plants with generation capacity exceeding 3 MW have been installed. Another project that will utilize the hydropower of the canals to produce the electricity on micro scale is at its development stage. For the purpose of harnessing wind energy, a project, now in its final stage, has been initiated to produce wind maps for the coastal areas of Balochistan and Sindh. About 30 wind water-pumping machines have been installed during 1976-88. Manufacturing capability of such windmills also exists in the country. At the same time, another project 134 small wind turbines for power generation is being initiated by PCRET. Solar drying is largely and effectively being used in Northern Mountains of Pakistan. The technology is used to dry apricots and other fruits that are grown in the area. The dry product is packed and sold in the market at higher prices. Four community size solar dryers have been planned to be installed by PCRET in date growing areas of Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan .

Sunlight is a highly potential renewable energy source. Converting sunlight into electricity is regarded a one of the most promising approaches to provide clean energy. PCRET has established lab facilities for fabrication of conventional silicon solar cells up to 15 kW/ annum and the fabrication capacity is being enhanced to 80 kW/ annum under PSDP project. To establish advanced solar cell technologies PCRET is working to develop 2nd and 3rd generation solar cell technologies. A research group headed by Dr. Afzal Hussain Kamboh is working on the technology development. Recently, the research group has successfully fabricated the 3rd generation solar cells, i.e. organic solar cells, using their newly developed organic solar cell fabrication facilities. The following picture shows some students using the lab facilities:The newly developed lab facilities and the successful fabrication of organic solar cells are new in the country. PCRET intends to disseminate the newly developed technology to research groups working on organic solar cells in the country. .

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Vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur. At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit.

Sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur. Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit.

Sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur. Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur.

Vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur. At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis.

Sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur. Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur.

Vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur. At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit.

Vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur. At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit.

Sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur. Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur.